Infectious Mononucleosis (IM)

Infectious Mononucleosis, also commonly referred to as “mono”, “glandular fever” or “the kissing disease”, is a relatively common disease that is caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus or EPV. This virus is a member of the herpes family of viruses and therefore other versions of this virus can cause mono. It is not widely considered to be a very serious condition, it’s symptoms can still interfere with daily activity. That being said, the disease can become a serious health if it is mishandled or incorrectly diagnosed.

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How Is Mono Spread?

The virus that causes mono, EBV, can only be transmitted via saliva and by means of direct contact, contributing to its name the “kissing disease”. Since EBV is a member of the herpes family, it behaves like all herpes viruses, and cannot survive long outside of its host. So, mono cannot be spread in an airborne fashion. Possible means of infection could be through kissing an infected individual, by sharing cups or tableware with an infected individual, or by being coughed/sneezed on. It can take up to 30-50 days for symptoms to present after being initially infected.

Who Gets Infected?

Mono affects younger populations. Typically, infections are seen between the ages of 15 to 25 years, and little to no cases occurring after 35 years of age. Antibodies for mono are usually adequate by the time an individual reaches their 30’s. It is however very common in the younger age group. Approximately 1% to 3% of all 15 to 21 year-olds will contract mono every year in the US. It is very often associated with college dorm life due to means of transmission, and as many as 15% of college freshman will develop new cases yearly. People of Caucasian background tend to get infected in higher rates, but the reasoning why is not fully understood yet.

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What Are The Symptoms?

The most noticeable symptoms will often be severe fatigue and sore throat since these most interfere with daily activity. However, other common symptoms include:

• Swollen lymph nodes
• Muscle ache or weakness
• White patches in the throat
• Skin rash
• Headache
• Loss of appetite

In some cases of Mono, there can been swelling of the spleen referred to as splenomegaly. This can go undetected and is very dangerous because it can cause the spleen to rupture. Although it happens very rarely, if one feels pain in the tip of their left shoulder and is tender just under their left rib, they should seek immediate medical assistance.